The “abdominal cocoon sign” is a radiological finding that refers to a rare condition known as “abdominal cocoon syndrome” or “sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis.” This condition involves the abnormal thickening and encapsulation of the peritoneal cavity (the membrane that lines the abdominal organs) with a fibrous or inflammatory tissue. This thickening and encapsulation can result in the formation of a cocoon-like structure around the abdominal organs.
The abdominal cocoon sign is typically seen on imaging studies such as abdominal CT scans or X-rays. It appears as a characteristic pattern where the small bowel loops are clustered together and encased within a dense fibrous membrane or sac-like structure.
Abdominal cocoon syndrome can have various causes, including:
- Idiopathic (unknown cause)
- Infection
- Inflammatory conditions
- Abdominal surgery or trauma
- Peritoneal dialysis
- Tuberculosis
- Sclerosing peritonitis associated with certain medications
Symptoms of abdominal cocoon syndrome can vary but may include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, and bowel obstruction. The condition may be diagnosed through imaging studies, and treatment often involves surgical intervention to remove the fibrous membrane and release the entrapped bowel loops.